Evidence · Fleet trials

Waste Services — Germany

Across five Waste Services refuse collection vehicles running fixed routes with their regular drivers, fuel consumption fell by a distance-weighted 18.2% over 21,830 km compared with the same vehicles’ own March–May baseline — measured from Waste Services’ own fleet management system, with the drivers not informed that the treatment had been applied.

Proof of concept — not certified documentation Municipal waste collection
Aerial view of a fleet of trucks parked in rows at a depot
Municipal waste collection is close to an ideal test case: the same vehicles run the same routes with the same drivers every week, so week-to-week fuel data is unusually comparable.
−18.2%Distance-weighted reduction across the five vehicles
21,830 kmDistance recorded during the trial period
83%Trial journeys to destinations also served during the baseline
−10.5%Vehicle load during the trial window — a confounder, not a result
Waste Services trial — at a glance
Operator[operator address redacted]
Vehicles5 refuse collection vehicles (3× Iveco, 1× Volvo, 1× Mercedes), 7.2 t to 18 t bodies
BaselineMarch, April and May 2026 — same vehicles, same depot, before any treatment
Trial window15 June to 24 July 2026, six evaluated weeks (trial still running)
Measured quantityAverage daily consumption in l/100 km
Data sourceWaste Services’ own fleet management system plus daily operational records (tour, hours, distance, load) supplied by Waste Services
Route continuity83% of trial journeys ran to destinations that were also served during the baseline
LoadAverage utilisation fell from 0.87 to 0.78 between the two periods — see the second chart
BlindingDrivers were not informed that the air filters had been treated
Control groupNone — comparison is against the vehicles’ own earlier baseline
The result

Every measurement, not just the best one

Waste Services — Per-vehicle result, weeks 1–6. Baseline is each vehicle’s own March–May average. Lower is better.
VehicleMakeBaseline (l/100 km)Trial (l/100 km)Change
Vehicle 01Iveco25.7020.22−21.3%
Vehicle 02Iveco22.2220.47−7.9%
Vehicle 03Iveco24.2116.03−33.8%
Vehicle 04Volvo23.3519.61−16.0%
Vehicle 05Mercedes24.1320.68−14.3%
Fleet23.9219.23−19.6% simple · −18.2% distance-weighted
Average daily consumption, l/100 km — lower is better · shared scale, axis from zero · March–May mean
Vehicle 01 · Iveco: −21.3% 28 0 25.7 treated Vehicle 01 · Iveco −21.3% March Week 8
Vehicle 02 · Iveco: −7.9% 28 0 22.22 treated Vehicle 02 · Iveco −7.9% March Week 8
Vehicle 03 · Iveco: −33.8% 28 0 24.21 treated Vehicle 03 · Iveco −33.8% March Week 8
Vehicle 04 · Volvo: −16.0% 28 0 23.35 treated Vehicle 04 · Volvo −16.0% March Week 8
Vehicle 05 · Mercedes: −14.3% 28 0 24.13 treated Vehicle 05 · Mercedes −14.3% March Week 8
Grey is measured consumption before any treatment — the three months are monthly averages, so they are coarser than the weekly points on the right and are drawn as a separate line rather than joined to them. The dotted vertical line marks the treatment. Two things are worth reading here that a single before-and-after figure hides: the pre-treatment months already vary by up to four litres per 100 km on the same vehicle, which is the natural month-to-month spread any saving has to beat; and three vehicles drift slowly upwards again from week 4 onwards. The gap in Vehicle 01 is the fortnight the vehicle was out of service for repairs.
Average capacity utilisation per operating day, baseline against trial window Grouped column chart for five vehicles. Utilisation falls between the March–May baseline and the 15 June to 24 July trial window at four of the five vehicles, by between 6.9 and 19.9 per cent. One vehicle, Vehicle 04, rises by 11.2 per cent. Across the fleet utilisation falls from 0.87 to 0.78. Capacity utilisation per operating day · 1.00 = full nominal load — this is a confounder, not a result March–May baseline 15 Jun – 24 Jul trial window 0 0.6 1.2 −16.2% Vehicle 01 Iveco −19.9% Vehicle 02 Iveco −16.1% Vehicle 03 Iveco +11.2% Vehicle 04 Volvo −6.9% Vehicle 05 Mercedes
This chart is not a result — it is the trial’s main weakness, and we only found it because Waste Services supplied the operational records alongside the fuel figures. A lighter vehicle burns less fuel per 100 km whatever is on its air filter, and across the fleet utilisation fell 10.5% between the two periods. What argues against reading the whole saving that way: the vehicle with the largest drop in load (Vehicle 02) recorded the smallest saving, and the correlation across the five vehicles is +0.15 — effectively none.
A rectangular vehicle air filter with light blue filter medium, held in a workshop
Vehicle 01 and Vehicle 02Both Iveco with a 12 t box body — the two identical vehicles in the trial, running the same filter.
A used panel air filter with visible dust deposits across the pleats, lying in its housing
Vehicle 03Iveco, 7.2 t body. Panel element, with the dust loading visible across the pleats.
A cylindrical air filter element with pleated paper and red end caps, standing on a workbench
Vehicle 04Volvo, 14 t body. Cylindrical element.
An oval air filter element in a black support cage, on a workbench in front of a red truck
Vehicle 05Mercedes, 18 t body. Oval element, photographed at the depot.

These are the air filters the treatment was applied to, photographed by us on site at the Nottuln depot. Four photographs cover the five vehicles because two of them — Vehicle 01 and Vehicle 02 — are the same Iveco with the same 12 t box body and therefore the same filter; the operational records list them under the identical body class. The other three vehicles each run a different element, which is why no two of these photographs look alike. Together they document what was treated: standard OEM filters, in a working depot, not a laboratory. They are not a before-and-after comparison — the record carries no date and no application status for any of them, so nothing about the condition of a filter in these photographs should be read as a result.

Why we anonymise

Customer confidentiality is part of our professional standard.

We value the confidentiality of our customers, partners and data owners. Publicly presented test cases are therefore anonymised and do not disclose vehicle identities, vessel names, fleet details or commercially sensitive operating data unless explicit public disclosure has been agreed.

Our principle

Proof should come from validation, not from borrowed credibility.

Our technology should be judged by a transparent test approach and by each customer’s ability to verify NanoEFX under their own operating conditions — not by a wall of past customer logos.

Waste Services — how it was measured

Method before result

The five vehicles ran their normal collection rounds throughout, out of the Waste Services depot at Nottuln in North Rhine-Westphalia — same vehicles, same drivers, same depot. Fuel and distance came from Waste Services’ own fleet management system rather than from any measurement we installed, and Waste Services verified the figures as the owner and operator of the vehicles.

The drivers were deliberately not told that the air filters had been treated. That matters more than it sounds: if a driver knows a fuel-saving product is being tested, driving style tends to change on its own. Keeping the drivers uninformed removes that bias from the result.

Only weeks with both distance and consumption data were included in the distance-weighted calculation, which is why the weighted figure (18.2%) sits slightly below the simple average of the five vehicles (19.6%). Weighting by distance means a vehicle that drove 4,000 km counts more than one that drove 800 km.

Waste Services additionally supplied the daily operational records for all five months — destination, hours, distance and load for every working day. That second dataset is the reason this page says more about the trial’s weaknesses than the fuel figures alone could. It confirms the distance the fuel analysis is built on (21,573 km in the operational records against 21,541 km in the fuel workbook, 0.1% apart), it establishes that the routes barely changed, and it uncovered the load shift described below.

Route continuity was checked destination by destination. 83% of the journeys in the trial window went to destinations that also appear in the March–May records — Bochum, Hamm, Bielefeld, Lüdenscheid, Emsland, Paderborn and the rest of the regular round. For a before-and-after comparison that matters: the objection "they were driving different routes" can be answered with data rather than assurance.

How we measure, and what makes a fuel trial credible →

Waste Services — what this result does not prove

The limits of this trial

We publish these next to the result rather than in a footnote. If a limitation would change how you read the number, you should read it at the same time as the number.

Known limitations

  • There is no control group. Untreated sister vehicles running the same routes over the same weeks would separate the treatment effect from the season and from the load shift in one step — this is the single biggest improvement available for this trial, and we are asking Waste Services whether that data can be pulled retrospectively.
  • The vehicles ran lighter during the trial. Average capacity utilisation across the fleet fell from 0.87 to 0.78 — down 10.5% — and distance per operating day fell 8.4%. A lighter refuse truck burns less fuel per 100 km regardless of any treatment, so some unknown part of the 18.2% is a load effect rather than a product effect. This is the single most important caveat on this page, and we would not know about it if Waste Services had sent only the fuel figures.
  • Against that: the load shift does not track the result. The vehicle whose load fell furthest (Vehicle 02, −19.9%) recorded the smallest saving (−7.9%), the one with the largest saving sits mid-range, and the correlation across the five vehicles is +0.15 — effectively none. If the saving were mostly a load artefact, that correlation should be strongly negative. With five vehicles this is an argument, not a proof.
  • The baseline is seasonal. March–May is compared with a 15 June to 24 July window, and summer diesel, fewer cold starts, no cabin heating and drier roads all reduce consumption on their own. Some part of the 18.2% is very likely seasonal rather than product effect.
  • The two datasets do not agree week by week. Their totals match to within 0.1%, but individual weeks diverge sharply at three of the five vehicles — Vehicle 04 shows 273 km in the operational records against 823 km in the fuel workbook for week 2, Vehicle 03 shows 1,185 against 878 for week 4. The week definitions in the fuel workbook are also inconsistent (week 1 runs Monday to Friday, week 2 Saturday to Friday, and 27–28 June falls out entirely). We have asked Waste Services to reconcile them.
  • The operational records are incomplete in places: the June sheet carries no destination column at all, so route continuity could only be checked for July, and 24 days in July have no distance recorded.
  • Weather, traffic and vehicle maintenance status were not systematically controlled during this proof-of-concept phase.
  • One vehicle (Vehicle 01) was out of service for repairs during week 6 and is excluded from that week’s calculation.
  • The spread between vehicles is wide — from 7.9% to 33.8%. Route changes do not explain it: Vehicle 03, the −33.8% vehicle, has the highest route continuity of all five at 90%. It remains an outlier to be explained rather than a headline.
  • This is proof-of-concept data. The trial report itself states that it should be treated as a basis for further controlled validation, not as certified documentation.
Waste Services — what it means

Reading this evidence in context

For a municipal waste operator, refuse collection is a high-consumption, low-speed, stop-start duty cycle — the kind where combustion efficiency has the most room to matter and where fuel is a dominant, controllable cost line.

What this trial supports is a clear, consistent direction: all five vehicles came in below their own baseline, on routes that demonstrably did not change, with drivers who did not know. What it does not support is a precise number. Two effects push in our favour and are not quantified — the season and the lighter loads — and neither can be separated out without a control group.

That is why the figure to take from this page is the direction and the method, not the 18.2%. An operator planning a budget should assume less than this trial shows, and then measure their own fleet.

The honest next step is the one the report itself recommends, and the operational records now make it easy to design: a controlled validation trial with untreated sister vehicles on the same rounds, and load recorded per day so it can be held constant in the analysis rather than discovered afterwards.

Waste Services — FAQ

Questions operators ask about this trial

Is the 18.2% a measured or a calculated figure?
It is measured, from Waste Services’ own fleet management data — but it is uncorrected. It compares the trial period against the same vehicles’ March–May baseline without adjusting for seasonal effects, and there is no control group, so part of the difference may come from factors other than the treatment.
Why were the drivers not told about the treatment?
To keep driving behaviour out of the result. When drivers know that a fuel-saving product is being trialled, driving style often changes without anyone intending it, and the trial then measures the driver rather than the product. Not informing them removes that bias — it is one of the reasons this dataset is stronger than a typical field test.
Why does the fleet figure differ from the average of the five vehicles?
Because the fleet figure is weighted by distance. The simple average of the five vehicles is 19.6%; weighting each vehicle by the kilometres it actually drove gives 18.2%. The distance-weighted figure is the more conservative and more honest one, so it is the number we quote.
The trucks ran lighter during the trial. Does that not explain the whole saving?
It could explain part of it, and we cannot tell you how much. Average utilisation fell 10.5% between the two periods, and a lighter refuse truck uses less fuel per 100 km whatever is on its air filter. What argues against it explaining the whole saving is that the two do not move together across the fleet: the vehicle whose load fell furthest recorded the smallest saving, and the correlation between the two is +0.15 — effectively none. With five vehicles that is suggestive, not conclusive, which is why we publish the load data and the chart rather than the conclusion.
How do you know the routes did not change?
Because Waste Services supplied the daily tour records, and we checked destination by destination. 83% of the journeys in the trial window went to destinations that were also served during the March–May baseline — the same regular rounds through Bochum, Hamm, Bielefeld, Lüdenscheid, Emsland and Paderborn. That is not true for every individual vehicle: two of the five swapped a substantial share of their rounds with each other, which is one reason we quote a fleet figure rather than reading much into any single vehicle.
Can we see the underlying data?
The per-vehicle baseline and trial consumption figures are published in the table on this page, and the load figures behind the second chart come from Waste Services’ daily operational records. Both datasets sit with Waste Services as the vehicle operator; if you are evaluating a pilot, ask us and we will discuss what can be shared.
Does this prove NanoEFX saves 18% on any fleet?
No. It shows what happened on five refuse trucks on fixed urban routes over one summer, against their own baseline and without a control group. A different duty cycle, a different season or a different baseline can produce a very different number — which is exactly why we run a pilot on your own fleet rather than quoting a fleet-wide figure.
Waste Services — where this data comes from

Provenance

Operator
[operator address redacted] — all journeys start and end here
Data owner
Waste Services (own fleet management system and operational records), figures verified by the operator
Documents
NanoEFX Proof of Concept Report, Waste Services Germany trial (confidential); weekly consumption dataset, weeks 1–8; daily operational records for March to July 2026 (destination, hours, distance, load)
Photographs
Taken on site at the Nottuln depot by ECO EFX Solutions GmbH, filed against each vehicle in the trial record — our own images, published with the operator’s agreement
Baseline period
1 March to 31 May 2026
Trial window
15 June to 24 July 2026 — weeks 7 and 8 not yet reported
Recalculation
Load, distance and route continuity recomputed from the operational records; monthly total and average rows excluded; distance cross-checked against the fuel workbook (0.1% apart)
Open items
Week-by-week distance discrepancy between the two datasets; whether the drop in load has an operational explanation; destination column missing for June
Status
Trial ongoing — figures on this page cover the six evaluated weeks
Last checked
15 August 2026
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